What is a "control sample" in evidence analysis?

A control sample is a known sample used for comparison during forensic examinations. This type of sample is critical in the process of analyzing evidence as it allows forensic scientists to establish baselines for comparison. For instance, if hair or fiber samples are collected from a crime scene, having a control sample from a suspect, victim, or a relevant environment aids in determining whether the evidence found matches or is consistent with that known sample. This comparison helps in assessing the significance of the evidence in the context of the investigation. Control samples enhance the reliability of findings and bolster the integrity of the forensic analysis, enabling informed conclusions to be drawn about the evidence collected from a crime scene.